diff --git a/changelog b/changelog index 366d13f..fcc6814 100644 --- a/changelog +++ b/changelog @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +20080505 tpd src/input/schaum24.input branch-cut analysis 20080505 tpd src/input/schaum23.input post-mortem fixes 20080505 tpd src/input/schaum22.input post-mortem fixes 20080505 tpd src/input/schaum21.input post-mortem fixes diff --git a/src/input/schaum24.input.pamphlet b/src/input/schaum24.input.pamphlet index 24b4527..71f28d5 100644 --- a/src/input/schaum24.input.pamphlet +++ b/src/input/schaum24.input.pamphlet @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ bb:=(x^2/2-a^2/4)*asin(x/a)+(x*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/4 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 6 14:472 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 6 cc:=aa-bb --R --R +---------+ @@ -108,6 +108,145 @@ cc:=aa-bb --R 8 --R Type: Expression Integer --E + +@ +Here we try to understand why we cannot find a simplification +that makes these two expressions equal. If the expressions were +equal then we could use them as functions, substitute floating +point values and expect the same numeric results. So we try that here. +<<*>>= +)clear all +@ +This is the initial integrand. +<<*>>= +--S 7 +t1:=x*asin(x/a) +--R +--R x +--R (1) x asin(-) +--R a +--R Type: Expression Integer +--E +@ +This is the integral result provided by Axiom. +<<*>>= +--S 8 +t2:=integrate(t1,x) +--R +--R +---------+ +--R | 2 2 +---------+ +--R 2 2 2x\|- x + a | 2 2 +--R (- 2x + a )atan(--------------) + 2x\|- x + a +--R 2 2 +--R 2x - a +--R (2) ------------------------------------------------- +--R 8 +--R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) +--E +@ +This is the derivative of the integral computed by Axiom +<<*>>= +--S 9 +t3:=D(t2,x) +--R +--R +---------+ +--R | 2 2 +--R 2x\|- x + a +--R x atan(--------------) +--R 2 2 +--R 2x - a +--R (3) - ---------------------- +--R 2 +--R Type: Expression Integer +--E +@ +This is the integral result provided by Schaums +<<*>>= +--S 10 +t4:=(x^2/2-a^2/4)*asin(x/a)+(x*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/4 +--R +--R +---------+ +--R | 2 2 2 2 x +--R x\|- x + a + (2x - a )asin(-) +--R a +--R (4) --------------------------------- +--R 4 +--R Type: Expression Integer +--E +@ +This is the derivative of the integral of the original function +according to Schaums. +<<*>>= +--S 11 +t5:=D(t4,x) +--R +--R (5) +--R +---------+ +--R +---------+ | 2 2 +---------+ +--R x | 2 2 2 3 |- x + a 2 2 | 2 2 +--R (4a x asin(-)\|- x + a - 2a x + a ) |--------- + (2x - a )\|- x + a +--R a | 2 +--R \| a +--R ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +--R +---------+ +--R +---------+ | 2 2 +--R | 2 2 |- x + a +--R 4a\|- x + a |--------- +--R | 2 +--R \| a +--R Type: Expression Integer +--E +@ +Now we create a function for computing the integrand's values. +<<*>>= +--S 12 +f:=makeFloatFunction(t1,x,a) +--I Compiling function %BF with type (DoubleFloat,DoubleFloat) -> +--R DoubleFloat +--R +--I (6) theMap(MKBCFUNC;binaryFunction;SM;2!0,120) +--R Type: ((DoubleFloat,DoubleFloat) -> DoubleFloat) +--E +@ +Now we create a function for computing Axiom's values for its integrand. +<<*>>= +--S 13 +axiom:=makeFloatFunction(t3,x,a) +--I Compiling function %BJ with type (DoubleFloat,DoubleFloat) -> +--R DoubleFloat +--R +--I (7) theMap(MKBCFUNC;binaryFunction;SM;2!0,996) +--R Type: ((DoubleFloat,DoubleFloat) -> DoubleFloat) +--E +@ +Now we create a function for computing Schams values for its integrand. +<<*>>= +--S 14 +schaums:=makeFloatFunction(t5,x,a) +--I Compiling function %BK with type (DoubleFloat,DoubleFloat) -> +--R DoubleFloat +--R +--I (8) theMap(MKBCFUNC;binaryFunction;SM;2!0,62) +--R Type: ((DoubleFloat,DoubleFloat) -> DoubleFloat) +--E +@ +And now we compute the floating point values for each function +and compare the results. As can be clearly seen, the Axiom result +lies on a different branch cut from the Schaums result and the +functions are only equal within the branch cut range. This is a +generic problem with all of the inverse functions that are +multi-valued. +<<*>>= +--S 15 14:472 Schaums and Axiom agree (modulo branch cuts) +[ [f(i::Float,i::Float+1.0::Float)::Float,axiom(i::Float,i::Float+1.0::Float)::Float,schaums(i::Float,i::Float+1.0::Float)::Float] for i in 1..4] +--R +--R (9) +--R [[0.5235987755 9829892668,0.5235987755 9829892668,0.5235987755 9829881566], +--R [1.4594553124 539326738,1.4594553124 539326738,1.4594553124 539324518], +--R [2.5441862369 444430136,- 2.1682027434 402466604,2.5441862369 444430136], +--R [3.7091808720 064496363,- 2.5740044351 731374839,3.7091808720 064500804]] +--R Type: List List Float +--E @ \section{\cite{1}:14.473~~~~~$\displaystyle @@ -118,7 +257,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 7 +--S 16 aa:=integrate(x^2*asin(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -133,7 +272,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x^2*asin(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 8 +--S 17 bb:=x^3/3*asin(x/a)+((x^2+2*a^2)*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/9 --R --R +---------+ @@ -145,7 +284,7 @@ bb:=x^3/3*asin(x/a)+((x^2+2*a^2)*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/9 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 9 14:473 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 18 14:473 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R +---------+ @@ -170,7 +309,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 10 14:474 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 19 14:474 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(asin(x/a)/x,x) --R --R @@ -192,7 +331,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 11 +--S 20 aa:=integrate(asin(x/a)/x^2,x) --R --R @@ -208,7 +347,7 @@ aa:=integrate(asin(x/a)/x^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 12 +--S 21 bb:=-asin(x/a)/x-1/a*log((a+sqrt(a^2-x^2))/x) --R --R +---------+ @@ -221,7 +360,7 @@ bb:=-asin(x/a)/x-1/a*log((a+sqrt(a^2-x^2))/x) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 13 14:475 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 22 14:475 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R (3) @@ -249,7 +388,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 14 +--S 23 aa:=integrate(asin(x/a)^2,x) --R --R @@ -264,7 +403,7 @@ aa:=integrate(asin(x/a)^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 15 +--S 24 bb:=x*asin(x/a)^2-2*x+2*sqrt(a^2-x^2)*asin(x/a) --R --R +---------+ @@ -274,7 +413,7 @@ bb:=x*asin(x/a)^2-2*x+2*sqrt(a^2-x^2)*asin(x/a) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 16 14:476 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 25 14:476 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R (3) @@ -303,7 +442,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 17 +--S 26 aa:=integrate(acos(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -318,7 +457,7 @@ aa:=integrate(acos(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 18 +--S 27 bb:=x*acos(x/a)-sqrt(a^2-x^2) --R --R +---------+ @@ -328,7 +467,7 @@ bb:=x*acos(x/a)-sqrt(a^2-x^2) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 19 14:477 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 28 14:477 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R +---------+ @@ -352,7 +491,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 20 +--S 29 aa:=integrate(x*acos(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -367,7 +506,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x*acos(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 21 +--S 30 bb:=(x^2/2-a^2/4)*acos(x/a)-(x*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/4 --R --R +---------+ @@ -379,7 +518,7 @@ bb:=(x^2/2-a^2/4)*acos(x/a)-(x*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/4 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 22 14:478 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 31 14:478 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R +---------+ @@ -402,7 +541,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 23 +--S 32 aa:=integrate(x^2*acos(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -417,7 +556,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x^2*acos(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 24 +--S 33 bb:=x^3/3*acos(x/a)-((x^2+2*a^2)*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/9 --R --R +---------+ @@ -429,7 +568,7 @@ bb:=x^3/3*acos(x/a)-((x^2+2*a^2)*sqrt(a^2-x^2))/9 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 25 14:479 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 34 14:479 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R +---------+ @@ -452,7 +591,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 26 14:480 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 35 14:480 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(acos(x/a)/x,x) --R --R @@ -473,7 +612,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 27 +--S 36 aa:=integrate(acos(x/a)/x^2,x) --R --R @@ -489,7 +628,7 @@ aa:=integrate(acos(x/a)/x^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 28 +--S 37 bb:=-acos(x/a)/x+1/a*log((a+sqrt(a^2-x^2))/x) --R --R +---------+ @@ -502,7 +641,7 @@ bb:=-acos(x/a)/x+1/a*log((a+sqrt(a^2-x^2))/x) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 29 14:481 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 38 14:481 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R (3) @@ -530,7 +669,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 30 +--S 39 aa:=integrate(acos(x/a)^2,x) --R --R @@ -545,7 +684,7 @@ aa:=integrate(acos(x/a)^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 31 +--S 40 bb:=x*acos(x/a)^2-2*x-2*sqrt(a^2-x^2)*acos(x/a) --R --R +---------+ @@ -555,7 +694,7 @@ bb:=x*acos(x/a)^2-2*x-2*sqrt(a^2-x^2)*acos(x/a) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 32 14:482 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 41 14:482 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R (3) @@ -584,7 +723,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 33 +--S 42 aa:=integrate(atan(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -597,7 +736,7 @@ aa:=integrate(atan(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 34 +--S 43 bb:=x*atan(x/a)-a/2*log(x^2+a^2) --R --R 2 2 x @@ -608,7 +747,7 @@ bb:=x*atan(x/a)-a/2*log(x^2+a^2) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 35 +--S 44 cc:=aa-bb --R --R x 2a x @@ -620,7 +759,7 @@ cc:=aa-bb --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 36 +--S 45 atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R --R - x + %i @@ -631,7 +770,7 @@ atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 37 +--S 46 dd:=atanrule cc --R --R 2 2 @@ -644,7 +783,7 @@ dd:=atanrule cc --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 38 14:483 SCHAUMS AND AXIOM DIFFER? (BRANCH CUTS?) +--S 47 14:483 SCHAUMS AND AXIOM DIFFER? (BRANCH CUTS?) ee:=expandLog dd --R --R %i x log(- 1) @@ -662,7 +801,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 39 14:484 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 48 14:484 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(x*tan(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -682,7 +821,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 40 +--S 49 aa:=integrate(x^2*atan(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -695,7 +834,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x^2*atan(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 41 +--S 50 bb:=x^3/2*atan(x/a)-(a*x^2)/6+a^3/6*log(x^2+a^2) --R --R 3 2 2 3 x 2 @@ -706,7 +845,7 @@ bb:=x^3/2*atan(x/a)-(a*x^2)/6+a^3/6*log(x^2+a^2) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 42 14:485 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 51 14:485 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc:=aa-bb --R --R 3 x 3 2a x @@ -727,7 +866,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 43 14:486 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 52 14:486 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(atan(x/a)/x,x) --R --R @@ -749,7 +888,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 44 +--S 53 aa:=integrate(atan(x/a)/x^2,x) --R --R @@ -762,7 +901,7 @@ aa:=integrate(atan(x/a)/x^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 45 +--S 54 bb:=-1/x*atan(x/a)-1/(2*a)*log((x^2+a^2)/x^2) --R --R 2 2 @@ -775,7 +914,7 @@ bb:=-1/x*atan(x/a)-1/(2*a)*log((x^2+a^2)/x^2) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 46 +--S 55 cc:=aa-bb --R --R (3) @@ -789,7 +928,7 @@ cc:=aa-bb --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 47 +--S 56 atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R --R - x + %i @@ -800,7 +939,7 @@ atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 48 +--S 57 dd:=atanrule cc --R --R (5) @@ -820,7 +959,7 @@ dd:=atanrule cc --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 49 14:487 SCHAUMS AND AXIOM DIFFER? (branch cuts?) +--S 58 14:487 SCHAUMS AND AXIOM DIFFER? (branch cuts?) ee:=expandLog dd --R --R %i log(- 1) @@ -838,7 +977,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 50 +--S 59 aa:=integrate(acot(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -851,7 +990,7 @@ aa:=integrate(acot(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 51 +--S 60 bb:=x*acot(x/a)+a/2*log(x^2+a^2) --R --R 2 2 x @@ -862,7 +1001,7 @@ bb:=x*acot(x/a)+a/2*log(x^2+a^2) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 52 +--S 61 cc:=aa-bb --R --R 2a x x @@ -874,7 +1013,7 @@ cc:=aa-bb --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 53 +--S 62 atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R --R - x + %i @@ -885,7 +1024,7 @@ atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 54 +--S 63 dd:=atanrule cc --R --R 2 2 @@ -898,7 +1037,7 @@ dd:=atanrule cc --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 55 +--S 64 acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R --R x + %i @@ -909,7 +1048,7 @@ acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 56 +--S 65 ee:=acotrule dd --R --R 2 2 @@ -922,7 +1061,7 @@ ee:=acotrule dd --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 57 14:488 Axiom and Schaums agree +--S 66 14:488 Axiom and Schaums agree ff:=expandLog % --R --R (8) 0 @@ -938,7 +1077,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 58 +--S 67 aa:=integrate(x*acot(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -951,7 +1090,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x*acot(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 59 +--S 68 bb:=1/2*(x^2+a^2)*acot(x/a)+(a*x)/2 --R --R 2 2 x @@ -962,7 +1101,7 @@ bb:=1/2*(x^2+a^2)*acot(x/a)+(a*x)/2 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 60 +--S 69 cc:=aa-bb --R --R 2 2 2a x 2 2 x @@ -974,7 +1113,7 @@ cc:=aa-bb --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 61 +--S 70 acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R --R x + %i @@ -985,7 +1124,7 @@ acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 62 +--S 71 dd:=acotrule cc --R --R 2 2 x + %i a 2 2 2a x @@ -997,7 +1136,7 @@ dd:=acotrule cc --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 63 +--S 72 atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R --R - x + %i @@ -1008,7 +1147,7 @@ atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 64 +--S 73 ee:=atanrule dd --R --R (7) @@ -1022,7 +1161,7 @@ ee:=atanrule dd --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 65 14:489 Axiom and Schaums agree +--S 74 14:489 Axiom and Schaums agree ff:=expandLog ee --R --R (8) 0 @@ -1038,7 +1177,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 66 +--S 75 aa:=integrate(x^2*acot(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -1051,7 +1190,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x^2*acot(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 67 +--S 76 bb:=x^3/3*acot(x/a)+(a*x^2)/6-a^3/6*log(x^2+a^2) --R --R 3 2 2 3 x 2 @@ -1062,7 +1201,7 @@ bb:=x^3/3*acot(x/a)+(a*x^2)/6-a^3/6*log(x^2+a^2) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 68 +--S 77 cc:=aa-bb --R --R 3 2a x 3 x @@ -1074,7 +1213,7 @@ cc:=aa-bb --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 69 +--S 78 atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R --R - x + %i @@ -1085,7 +1224,7 @@ atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 70 +--S 79 dd:=atanrule cc --R --R 2 2 @@ -1098,7 +1237,7 @@ dd:=atanrule cc --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 71 +--S 80 acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R --R x + %i @@ -1109,7 +1248,7 @@ acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 72 +--S 81 ee:=acotrule dd --R --R 2 2 @@ -1122,7 +1261,7 @@ ee:=acotrule dd --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 73 14:490 Axiom and Schaums agree +--S 82 14:490 Axiom and Schaums agree ff:=expandLog ee --R --R (8) 0 @@ -1138,7 +1277,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 74 14:491 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 83 14:491 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(acot(x/a)/x,x) --R --R @@ -1159,7 +1298,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 75 +--S 84 aa:=integrate(acot(x/a)/x^2,x) --R --R @@ -1172,7 +1311,7 @@ aa:=integrate(acot(x/a)/x^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 76 +--S 85 bb:=-acot(x/a)/x+1/(2*a)*log((x^2+a^2)/x^2) --R --R 2 2 @@ -1185,7 +1324,7 @@ bb:=-acot(x/a)/x+1/(2*a)*log((x^2+a^2)/x^2) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 77 +--S 86 cc:=aa-bb --R --R (3) @@ -1199,7 +1338,7 @@ cc:=aa-bb --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 78 +--S 87 acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R --R x + %i @@ -1210,7 +1349,7 @@ acotrule:=rule(acot(x) == -%i/2*log((%i*x-1)/(%i*x+1))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 79 +--S 88 dd:=acotrule cc --R --R (5) @@ -1229,7 +1368,7 @@ dd:=acotrule cc --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 80 +--S 89 atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R --R - x + %i @@ -1240,7 +1379,7 @@ atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R Type: RewriteRule(Integer,Complex Integer,Expression Complex Integer) --E ---S 81 +--S 90 ee:=atanrule dd --R --R (7) @@ -1260,7 +1399,7 @@ ee:=atanrule dd --R Type: Expression Complex Integer --E ---S 82 14:492 Schaums and Axiom agree +--S 91 14:492 Schaums and Axiom agree ff:=expandLog ee --R --R (8) 0 @@ -1286,7 +1425,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 83 +--S 92 aa:=integrate(asec(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -1308,7 +1447,7 @@ aa:=integrate(asec(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 84 +--S 93 bb1:=x*asec(x/a)-a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ @@ -1318,7 +1457,7 @@ bb1:=x*asec(x/a)-a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 85 +--S 94 bb2:=x*asec(x/a)+a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ @@ -1328,7 +1467,7 @@ bb2:=x*asec(x/a)+a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 86 +--S 95 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -1351,7 +1490,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 87 14:493 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions +--S 96 14:493 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -1393,7 +1532,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 88 +--S 97 aa:=integrate(x*asec(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -1408,7 +1547,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x*asec(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 89 +--S 98 bb1:=x^2/2*asec(x/a)-(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R --R +-------+ @@ -1420,7 +1559,7 @@ bb1:=x^2/2*asec(x/a)-(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 90 +--S 99 bb2:=x^2/2*asec(x/a)+(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R --R +-------+ @@ -1432,7 +1571,7 @@ bb2:=x^2/2*asec(x/a)+(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 91 +--S 100 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -1447,7 +1586,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 92 14:494 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions +--S 101 14:494 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -1488,7 +1627,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 93 +--S 102 aa:=integrate(x^2*asec(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -1511,7 +1650,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x^2*asec(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 94 +--S 103 bb1:=x^3/3*asec(x/a)-(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6-a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ +-------+ @@ -1523,7 +1662,7 @@ bb1:=x^3/3*asec(x/a)-(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6-a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 95 +--S 104 bb2:=x^3/3*asec(x/a)+(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6+a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ +-------+ @@ -1535,7 +1674,7 @@ bb2:=x^3/3*asec(x/a)+(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6+a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 96 +--S 105 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -1563,7 +1702,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 97 14:495 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions +--S 106 14:495 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -1603,7 +1742,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 98 14:496 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 107 14:496 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(asec(x/a)/x,x) --R --R @@ -1634,7 +1773,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 99 +--S 108 aa:=integrate(asec(x/a)/x^2,x) --R --R @@ -1650,7 +1789,7 @@ aa:=integrate(asec(x/a)/x^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 100 +--S 109 bb1:=-asec(x/a)/x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R --R +-------+ @@ -1662,7 +1801,7 @@ bb1:=-asec(x/a)/x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 101 +--S 110 bb2:=-asec(x/a)/x-sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R --R +-------+ @@ -1674,7 +1813,7 @@ bb2:=-asec(x/a)/x-sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 102 +--S 111 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -1694,7 +1833,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 103 14:497 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions +--S 112 14:497 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -1733,7 +1872,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 104 +--S 113 aa:=integrate(acsc(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -1755,7 +1894,7 @@ aa:=integrate(acsc(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 105 +--S 114 bb1:=x*acsc(x/a)+a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ @@ -1765,7 +1904,7 @@ bb1:=x*acsc(x/a)+a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 106 +--S 115 bb2:=x*acsc(x/a)-a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ @@ -1775,7 +1914,7 @@ bb2:=x*acsc(x/a)-a*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 107 +--S 116 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -1798,7 +1937,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 108 14:498 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions +--S 117 14:498 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -1841,7 +1980,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 109 +--S 118 aa:=integrate(x*acsc(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -1856,7 +1995,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x*acsc(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 110 +--S 119 bb1:=x^2/2*acsc(x/a)+(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R --R +-------+ @@ -1868,7 +2007,7 @@ bb1:=x^2/2*acsc(x/a)+(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 111 +--S 120 bb2:=x^2/2*acsc(x/a)-(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R --R +-------+ @@ -1880,7 +2019,7 @@ bb2:=x^2/2*acsc(x/a)-(a*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/2 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 112 +--S 121 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -1895,7 +2034,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 113 14:499 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions +--S 122 14:499 Axiom cannot simplify these expressions cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -1936,7 +2075,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 114 +--S 123 aa:=integrate(x^2*acsc(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -1959,7 +2098,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x^2*acsc(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 115 +--S 124 bb1:=x^3/3*acsc(x/a)+(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6+a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ +-------+ @@ -1971,7 +2110,7 @@ bb1:=x^3/3*acsc(x/a)+(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6+a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 116 +--S 125 bb2:=x^3/3*acsc(x/a)-(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6-a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R --R +-------+ +-------+ @@ -1983,7 +2122,7 @@ bb2:=x^3/3*acsc(x/a)-(a*x*sqrt(x^2-a^2))/6-a^3/6*log(x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 117 +--S 126 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -2011,7 +2150,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 118 14:500 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 127 14:500 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -2050,7 +2189,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 119 14:501 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 128 14:501 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(acsc(x/a)/x,x) --R --R @@ -2081,7 +2220,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 120 +--S 129 aa:=integrate(acsc(x/a)/x^2,x) --R --R @@ -2097,7 +2236,7 @@ aa:=integrate(acsc(x/a)/x^2,x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 121 +--S 130 bb1:=-acsc(x/a)/x-sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R --R +-------+ @@ -2109,7 +2248,7 @@ bb1:=-acsc(x/a)/x-sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 122 +--S 131 bb2:=-acsc(x/a)/x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R --R +-------+ @@ -2121,7 +2260,7 @@ bb2:=-acsc(x/a)/x+sqrt(x^2-a^2)/(a*x) --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 123 +--S 132 cc1:=aa-bb1 --R --R (4) @@ -2142,7 +2281,7 @@ cc1:=aa-bb1 --R Type: Expression Integer --E ---S 124 14:502 Axiom cannot simplify this expression +--S 133 14:502 Axiom cannot simplify this expression cc2:=aa-bb2 --R --R (5) @@ -2172,7 +2311,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 125 14:503 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 134 14:503 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(x^m*asin(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -2192,7 +2331,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 126 14:504 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 135 14:504 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(x^m*acos(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -2218,7 +2357,7 @@ have the same form but are expressed in terms of asin, acos, and acot. <<*>>= )clear all ---S 127 +--S 136 aa:=integrate(x*m*atan(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -2231,7 +2370,7 @@ aa:=integrate(x*m*atan(x/a),x) --R Type: Union(Expression Integer,...) --E ---S 128 +--S 137 t1:=integrate(x^(m+1)/(x^2+a^2),x) --E @ @@ -2243,7 +2382,7 @@ difference from the original formula. So first we generate the derivative: <<*>>= ---S 129 +--S 138 bb:=D(aa,x) --R --R 2a x @@ -2257,7 +2396,7 @@ bb:=D(aa,x) @ Then we input the original expression <<*>>= ---S 130 +--S 139 aa1:=x*m*atan(x/a) --R --R x @@ -2268,7 +2407,7 @@ aa1:=x*m*atan(x/a) @ Now we take their difference <<*>>= ---S 131 +--S 140 dd:=aa1-bb --R --R x 2a x @@ -2282,7 +2421,7 @@ dd:=aa1-bb @ Now we input the atan transformation <<*>>= ---S 132 +--S 141 atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) --R --R - x + %i @@ -2295,7 +2434,7 @@ atanrule:=rule(atan(x) == -%i/2*log((1+%i*x)/(1-%i*x))) @ And apply the transformation to the difference <<*>>= ---S 133 +--S 142 ee:=atanrule dd --R --R 2 2 @@ -2310,7 +2449,7 @@ ee:=atanrule dd @ And now we simplify <<*>>= ---S 134 14:505 SCHAUMS AND AXIOM DISAGREE? (branch cuts?) +--S 143 14:505 SCHAUMS AND AXIOM DISAGREE? (branch cuts?) ff:=expandLog ee --R --R %i m x log(- 1) @@ -2332,7 +2471,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 135 14:506 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 144 14:506 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(x^m*acot(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -2362,7 +2501,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 136 14:507 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 145 14:507 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(x^m*asec(x/a),x) --R --R @@ -2392,7 +2531,7 @@ $$ <<*>>= )clear all ---S 137 14:508 Axiom cannot compute this integral +--S 146 14:508 Axiom cannot compute this integral aa:=integrate(x^m*acsc(x/a),x) --R --R